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  70. <h1>TLS Setup</h1>
  71. <p>ここまではHTTP(平文)でやってきましたが、実際のWebではHTTPS(暗号化通信)が当たり前ですよね。cpp-httplibでHTTPSを使うには、TLSライブラリが必要です。</p>
  72. <p>このTourではOpenSSLを使います。最も広く使われていて、情報も豊富です。</p>
  73. <h2>OpenSSLのインストール</h2>
  74. <p>お使いのOSに合わせてインストールしましょう。</p>
  75. <table><thead><tr><th>OS</th><th>インストール方法</th></tr></thead><tbody>
  76. <tr><td>macOS</td><td><a href="https://brew.sh/">Homebrew</a> (<code>brew install openssl</code>)</td></tr>
  77. <tr><td>Ubuntu / Debian</td><td><code>sudo apt install libssl-dev</code></td></tr>
  78. <tr><td>Windows</td><td><a href="https://vcpkg.io/">vcpkg</a> (<code>vcpkg install openssl</code>)</td></tr>
  79. </tbody></table>
  80. <h2>コンパイルオプション</h2>
  81. <p>TLS機能を有効にするには、<code>CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT</code> マクロを定義してコンパイルします。前章までのコンパイルコマンドに、いくつかオプションが増えます。</p>
  82. <div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
  83. <span style="color:#747369;"># macOS (Homebrew)
  84. </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">clang++</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
  85. </span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -I</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">$</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">(</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">brew</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">/include \
  86. </span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -L</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">$</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">(</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">brew</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">/lib \
  87. </span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
  88. </span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -framework</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> CoreFoundation</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -framework</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> Security \
  89. </span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -o</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> server server.cpp
  90. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
  91. </span><span style="color:#747369;"># Linux
  92. </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">clang++</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -pthread -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
  93. </span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
  94. </span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -o</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> server server.cpp
  95. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
  96. </span><span style="color:#747369;"># Windows (Developer Command Prompt)
  97. </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cl</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> /EHsc /std:c++17 /DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT server.cpp libssl.lib libcrypto.lib
  98. </span></pre>
  99. </div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
  100. <span style="color:#a7adba;"># macOS (Homebrew)
  101. </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">clang++</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
  102. </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -I</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">$</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">(</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">brew</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">/include \
  103. </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -L</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">$</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">(</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">brew</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">/lib \
  104. </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
  105. </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -framework</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> CoreFoundation</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -framework</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> Security \
  106. </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -o</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> server server.cpp
  107. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
  108. </span><span style="color:#a7adba;"># Linux
  109. </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">clang++</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -pthread -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
  110. </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
  111. </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -o</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> server server.cpp
  112. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
  113. </span><span style="color:#a7adba;"># Windows (Developer Command Prompt)
  114. </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cl</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> /EHsc /std:c++17 /DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT server.cpp libssl.lib libcrypto.lib
  115. </span></pre>
  116. </div>
  117. <p>それぞれのオプションの役割を見てみましょう。</p>
  118. <ul>
  119. <li><strong><code>-DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT</code></strong> — TLS機能を有効にするマクロ定義</li>
  120. <li><strong><code>-lssl -lcrypto</code></strong> — OpenSSLのライブラリをリンク</li>
  121. <li><strong><code>-I</code> / <code>-L</code></strong>(macOSのみ)— Homebrew版OpenSSLのパスを指定</li>
  122. <li><strong><code>-framework CoreFoundation -framework Security</code></strong>(macOSのみ)— Keychainからシステム証明書を自動で読み込むために必要です</li>
  123. </ul>
  124. <h2>動作確認</h2>
  125. <p>ちゃんと動くか確認してみましょう。<code>httplib::Client</code> にHTTPSのURLを渡してアクセスするだけのプログラムです。</p>
  126. <div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
  127. <span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
  128. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
  129. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
  130. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
  131. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
  132. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cli</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">https://www.google.com</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
  133. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
  134. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
  135. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">if </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res) {
  136. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Status: </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot; &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">status </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;
  137. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> } </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">else </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">{
  138. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Error: </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot; &lt;&lt; </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">httplib::to_string</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">error</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">()) &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  139. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> }
  140. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
  141. </span></pre>
  142. </div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
  143. <span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
  144. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
  145. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
  146. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
  147. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
  148. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://www.google.com</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
  149. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
  150. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
  151. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res) {
  152. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Status: </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot; &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">status </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;
  153. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> } </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">else </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">{
  154. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Error: </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot; &lt;&lt; </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">httplib::to_string</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">error</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">()) &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  155. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> }
  156. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
  157. </span></pre>
  158. </div>
  159. <p>コンパイルして実行してみてください。<code>Status: 200</code> と表示されれば、セットアップ完了です。</p>
  160. <h2>他のTLSバックエンド</h2>
  161. <p>cpp-httplibはOpenSSL以外にも、Mbed TLSとwolfSSLに対応しています。マクロ定義とリンクするライブラリを変えるだけで切り替えられます。</p>
  162. <table><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">バックエンド</th><th style="text-align: left">マクロ定義</th><th style="text-align: left">リンクするライブラリ</th></tr></thead><tbody>
  163. <tr><td style="text-align: left">OpenSSL</td><td style="text-align: left"><code>CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code>libssl</code>, <code>libcrypto</code></td></tr>
  164. <tr><td style="text-align: left">Mbed TLS</td><td style="text-align: left"><code>CPPHTTPLIB_MBEDTLS_SUPPORT</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code>libmbedtls</code>, <code>libmbedx509</code>, <code>libmbedcrypto</code></td></tr>
  165. <tr><td style="text-align: left">wolfSSL</td><td style="text-align: left"><code>CPPHTTPLIB_WOLFSSL_SUPPORT</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code>libwolfssl</code></td></tr>
  166. </tbody></table>
  167. <p>このTourではOpenSSLを前提に進めますが、APIはどのバックエンドでも共通です。</p>
  168. <h2>次のステップ</h2>
  169. <p>TLSの準備ができましたね。次は、HTTPSサイトにリクエストを送ってみましょう。</p>
  170. <p><strong>次:</strong> <a href="../06-https-client">HTTPS Client</a></p>
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