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  101.     <h1>HTTPS Server</h1>
    102. 

  102.     <p>In the previous chapter, you used an HTTPS client. Now let's set up your own HTTPS server. Just swap <code>httplib::Server</code> from Chapter 3 with <code>httplib::SSLServer</code>.</p>
    103. 

  103. <p>A TLS server needs a server certificate and a private key, though. Let's get those ready first.</p>
    104. 

  104. <h2>Creating a Self-Signed Certificate</h2>
    105. 

  105. <p>For development and testing, a self-signed certificate works just fine. You can generate one quickly with an OpenSSL command.</p>
    106. 

  106. <div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
    107. 

  107. <span style="color:#6699cc;">openssl</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> req</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -x509 -noenc -keyout</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> key.pem</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -out</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> cert.pem</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -subj</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> /CN=localhost
    108. 

  108. </span></pre>
    109. 

  109. </div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
    110. 

  110. <span style="color:#8fa1b3;">openssl</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> req</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -x509 -noenc -keyout</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> key.pem</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -out</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> cert.pem</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -subj</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> /CN=localhost
    111. 

  111. </span></pre>
    112. 

  112. </div>
    113. 

  113. <p>This creates two files:</p>
    114. 

  114. <ul>
    115. 

  115. <li><strong><code>cert.pem</code></strong> — Server certificate</li>
    116. 

  116. <li><strong><code>key.pem</code></strong> — Private key</li>
    117. 

  117. </ul>
    118. 

  118. <h2>A Minimal HTTPS Server</h2>
    119. 

  119. <p>Once you have your certificate, let's write the server.</p>
    120. 

  120. <div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
    121. 

  121. <span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
    122. 

  122. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
    123. 

  123. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
    124. 

  124. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
    125. 

  125. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
    126. 

  126. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    httplib::SSLServer </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">svr</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">key.pem</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
    127. 

  127. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
    128. 

  128. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    svr.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, [](</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">const auto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&amp;, </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&amp;res) {
    129. 

  129. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">        res.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">set_content</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Hello, HTTPS!</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">text/plain</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
    130. 

  130. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    });
    131. 

  131. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
    132. 

  132. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Listening on https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    133. 

  133. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    svr.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">listen</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, </span><span style="color:#f99157;">8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">);
    134. 

  134. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
    135. 

  135. </span></pre>
    136. 

  136. </div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
    137. 

  137. <span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
    138. 

  138. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
    139. 

  139. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
    140. 

  140. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
    141. 

  141. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
    142. 

  142. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    httplib::SSLServer </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">svr</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">key.pem</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
    143. 

  143. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
    144. 

  144. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    svr.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, [](</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">const auto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&amp;, </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&amp;res) {
    145. 

  145. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">        res.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">set_content</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Hello, HTTPS!</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">text/plain</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
    146. 

  146. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    });
    147. 

  147. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
    148. 

  148. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Listening on https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    149. 

  149. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    svr.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">listen</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, </span><span style="color:#d08770;">8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">);
    150. 

  150. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
    151. 

  151. </span></pre>
    152. 

  152. </div>
    153. 

  153. <p>Just pass the certificate and private key paths to the <code>httplib::SSLServer</code> constructor. The routing API is exactly the same as <code>httplib::Server</code> from Chapter 3.</p>
    154. 

  154. <p>Compile and start it up.</p>
    155. 

  155. <h2>Testing It Out</h2>
    156. 

  156. <p>With the server running, try accessing it with <code>curl</code>. Since we're using a self-signed certificate, add the <code>-k</code> option to skip certificate verification.</p>
    157. 

  157. <div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
    158. 

  158. <span style="color:#6699cc;">curl</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -k</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> https://localhost:8443/
    159. 

  159. </span><span style="color:#747369;"># Hello, HTTPS!
    160. 

  160. </span></pre>
    161. 

  161. </div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
    162. 

  162. <span style="color:#8fa1b3;">curl</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -k</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> https://localhost:8443/
    163. 

  163. </span><span style="color:#a7adba;"># Hello, HTTPS!
    164. 

  164. </span></pre>
    165. 

  165. </div>
    166. 

  166. <p>If you open <code>https://localhost:8443</code> in a browser, you'll see a "This connection is not secure" warning. That's expected with a self-signed certificate. Just proceed past it.</p>
    167. 

  167. <h2>Connecting from a Client</h2>
    168. 

  168. <p>Let's connect using <code>httplib::Client</code> from the previous chapter. There are two ways to connect to a server with a self-signed certificate.</p>
    169. 

  169. <h3>Option 1: Disable Certificate Verification</h3>
    170. 

  170. <p>This is the quick and easy approach for development.</p>
    171. 

  171. <div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
    172. 

  172. <span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
    173. 

  173. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
    174. 

  174. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
    175. 

  175. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
    176. 

  176. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
    177. 

  177. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cli</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
    178. 

  178. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">enable_server_certificate_verification</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(</span><span style="color:#f99157;">false</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">);
    179. 

  179. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
    180. 

  180. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
    181. 

  181. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">if </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res) {
    182. 

  182. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">body </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;  </span><span style="color:#747369;">// Hello, HTTPS!
    183. 

  183. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    }
    184. 

  184. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
    185. 

  185. </span></pre>
    186. 

  186. </div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
    187. 

  187. <span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
    188. 

  188. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
    189. 

  189. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
    190. 

  190. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
    191. 

  191. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
    192. 

  192. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
    193. 

  193. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">enable_server_certificate_verification</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(</span><span style="color:#d08770;">false</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">);
    194. 

  194. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
    195. 

  195. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
    196. 

  196. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res) {
    197. 

  197. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;  </span><span style="color:#a7adba;">// Hello, HTTPS!
    198. 

  198. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    }
    199. 

  199. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
    200. 

  200. </span></pre>
    201. 

  201. </div>
    202. 

  202. <h3>Option 2: Specify the Self-Signed Certificate as a CA Certificate</h3>
    203. 

  203. <p>This is the safer approach. You tell the client to trust <code>cert.pem</code> as a CA certificate.</p>
    204. 

  204. <div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
    205. 

  205. <span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
    206. 

  206. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
    207. 

  207. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
    208. 

  208. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
    209. 

  209. </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
    210. 

  210. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cli</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
    211. 

  211. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">set_ca_cert_path</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
    212. 

  212. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
    213. 

  213. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
    214. 

  214. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">if </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res) {
    215. 

  215. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">body </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;  </span><span style="color:#747369;">// Hello, HTTPS!
    216. 

  216. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    }
    217. 

  217. </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
    218. 

  218. </span></pre>
    219. 

  219. </div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
    220. 

  220. <span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
    221. 

  221. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
    222. 

  222. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
    223. 

  223. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
    224. 

  224. </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
    225. 

  225. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
    226. 

  226. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">set_ca_cert_path</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
    227. 

  227. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
    228. 

  228. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
    229. 

  229. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res) {
    230. 

  230. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;  </span><span style="color:#a7adba;">// Hello, HTTPS!
    231. 

  231. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    }
    232. 

  232. </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
    233. 

  233. </span></pre>
    234. 

  234. </div>
    235. 

  235. <p>This way, only connections to the server with that specific certificate are allowed, preventing impersonation. Use this approach whenever possible, even in test environments.</p>
    236. 

  236. <h2>Comparing Server and SSLServer</h2>
    237. 

  237. <p>The <code>httplib::Server</code> API you learned in Chapter 3 works exactly the same with <code>httplib::SSLServer</code>. The only difference is the constructor.</p>
    238. 

  238. <table><thead><tr><th></th><th><code>httplib::Server</code></th><th><code>httplib::SSLServer</code></th></tr></thead><tbody>
    239. 

  239. <tr><td>Constructor</td><td>No arguments</td><td>Certificate and private key paths</td></tr>
    240. 

  240. <tr><td>Protocol</td><td>HTTP</td><td>HTTPS</td></tr>
    241. 

  241. <tr><td>Port (convention)</td><td>8080</td><td>8443</td></tr>
    242. 

  242. <tr><td>Routing</td><td>Same</td><td>Same</td></tr>
    243. 

  243. </tbody></table>
    244. 

  244. <p>To switch an HTTP server to HTTPS, just change the constructor.</p>
    245. 

  245. <h2>Next Steps</h2>
    246. 

  246. <p>Your HTTPS server is up and running. You now have the basics of both HTTP/HTTPS clients and servers covered.</p>
    247. 

  247. <p>Next, let's look at the WebSocket support that was recently added to cpp-httplib.</p>
    248. 

  248. <p><strong>Next:</strong> <a href="../08-websocket">WebSocket</a></p>
    249. 

  249. 

  250.   </article>
    251. 

  251. </main>
    252. 

  252. 

  253.   </div>
    254. 

  254. 

  255.   <footer class="footer">
    256. 

  256.     &copy; 2026 yhirose. All rights reserved.
    257. 

  257.   </footer>
    258. 

  258. 

  259.   <script src="&#x2F;cpp-httplib/js/main.js"></script>
    260. 

  260. </body>
    261. 

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    262.