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cpp-httplib
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    <h1>TLS Setup</h1>
    <p>So far we've been using plain HTTP, but in the real world, HTTPS is the norm. To use HTTPS with cpp-httplib, you need a TLS library.</p>
<p>In this tour, we'll use OpenSSL. It's the most widely used option, and you'll find plenty of resources online.</p>
<h2>Installing OpenSSL</h2>
<p>Install it for your OS.</p>
<table><thead><tr><th>OS</th><th>How to install</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>macOS</td><td><a href="https://brew.sh/">Homebrew</a> (<code>brew install openssl</code>)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ubuntu / Debian</td><td><code>sudo apt install libssl-dev</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Windows</td><td><a href="https://vcpkg.io/">vcpkg</a> (<code>vcpkg install openssl</code>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>Compile Options</h2>
<p>To enable TLS, define the <code>CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT</code> macro when compiling. You'll need a few extra options compared to the previous chapters.</p>
<div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
<span style="color:#747369;"># macOS (Homebrew)
</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">clang++</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">    -I</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">$</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">(</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">brew</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">/include \
</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">    -L</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">$</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">(</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">brew</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">/lib \
</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">    -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">    -framework</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> CoreFoundation</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -framework</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> Security \
</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">    -o</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> server server.cpp
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#747369;"># Linux
</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">clang++</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -pthread -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">    -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">\
</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">    -o</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> server server.cpp
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#747369;"># Windows (Developer Command Prompt)
</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cl</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> /EHsc /std:c++17 /DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT server.cpp libssl.lib libcrypto.lib
</span></pre>
</div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
<span style="color:#a7adba;"># macOS (Homebrew)
</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">clang++</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">    -I</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">$</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">(</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">brew</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">/include \
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">    -L</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">$</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">(</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">brew</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --prefix openssl)</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">/lib \
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">    -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">    -framework</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> CoreFoundation</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -framework</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> Security \
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">    -o</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> server server.cpp
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#a7adba;"># Linux
</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">clang++</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -std</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">=c++17</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -pthread -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">    -lssl -lcrypto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">\
</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">    -o</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> server server.cpp
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#a7adba;"># Windows (Developer Command Prompt)
</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cl</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> /EHsc /std:c++17 /DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT server.cpp libssl.lib libcrypto.lib
</span></pre>
</div>
<p>Let's look at what each option does.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>-DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT</code></strong> — Defines the macro that enables TLS support</li>
<li><strong><code>-lssl -lcrypto</code></strong> — Links the OpenSSL libraries</li>
<li><strong><code>-I</code> / <code>-L</code></strong> (macOS only) — Points to the Homebrew OpenSSL paths</li>
<li><strong><code>-framework CoreFoundation -framework Security</code></strong> (macOS only) — Needed to automatically load system certificates from the Keychain</li>
</ul>
<h2>Verifying the Setup</h2>
<p>Let's make sure everything works. Here's a simple program that passes an HTTPS URL to <code>httplib::Client</code>.</p>
<div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
<span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cli</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">https://www.google.com</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">if </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Status: </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot; &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">status </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    } </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">else </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">{
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Error: </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot; &lt;&lt; </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">httplib::to_string</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">error</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">()) &lt;&lt; std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">    }
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
</span></pre>
</div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
<span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://www.google.com</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Status: </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot; &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">status </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    } </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">else </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">{
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Error: </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot; &lt;&lt; </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">httplib::to_string</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">error</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">()) &lt;&lt; std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">    }
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
</span></pre>
</div>
<p>Compile and run it. If you see <code>Status: 200</code>, your setup is complete.</p>
<h2>Other TLS Backends</h2>
<p>cpp-httplib also supports Mbed TLS and wolfSSL in addition to OpenSSL. You can switch between them just by changing the macro definition and linked libraries.</p>
<table><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">Backend</th><th style="text-align: left">Macro</th><th style="text-align: left">Libraries to link</th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: left">OpenSSL</td><td style="text-align: left"><code>CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code>libssl</code>, <code>libcrypto</code></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left">Mbed TLS</td><td style="text-align: left"><code>CPPHTTPLIB_MBEDTLS_SUPPORT</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code>libmbedtls</code>, <code>libmbedx509</code>, <code>libmbedcrypto</code></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left">wolfSSL</td><td style="text-align: left"><code>CPPHTTPLIB_WOLFSSL_SUPPORT</code></td><td style="text-align: left"><code>libwolfssl</code></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This tour assumes OpenSSL, but the API is the same regardless of which backend you choose.</p>
<h2>Next Step</h2>
<p>You're all set with TLS. Next, let's send a request to an HTTPS site.</p>
<p><strong>Next:</strong> <a href="../06-https-client">HTTPS Client</a></p>

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