ded
/
cpp-httplib
peilaus alkaen https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib.git


			
				
					
						
						
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    <h1>HTTPS Server</h1>
    <p>In the previous chapter, you used an HTTPS client. Now let's set up your own HTTPS server. Just swap <code>httplib::Server</code> from Chapter 3 with <code>httplib::SSLServer</code>.</p>
<p>A TLS server needs a server certificate and a private key, though. Let's get those ready first.</p>
<h2>Creating a Self-Signed Certificate</h2>
<p>For development and testing, a self-signed certificate works just fine. You can generate one quickly with an OpenSSL command.</p>
<div class="code-block-wrapper"><div data-code-theme="dark"><pre style="background-color:#2b303b;">
<span style="color:#8fa1b3;">openssl</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;"> req</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -x509 -noenc -keyout</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;"> key.pem</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -out</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;"> cert.pem</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -subj</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;"> /CN=localhost
</span></pre>
</div><div data-code-theme="light"><pre style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<span style="color:#323232;">openssl req -x509 -noenc -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -subj /CN=localhost
</span></pre>
</div></div>
<p>This creates two files:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>cert.pem</code></strong> — Server certificate</li>
<li><strong><code>key.pem</code></strong> — Private key</li>
</ul>
<h2>A Minimal HTTPS Server</h2>
<p>Once you have your certificate, let's write the server.</p>
<div class="code-block-wrapper"><div data-code-theme="dark"><pre style="background-color:#2b303b;">
<span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">() {
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    httplib::SSLServer </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">svr</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">key.pem</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    svr.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;, [](</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">const auto </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&amp;, </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&amp;res) {
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">        res.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">set_content</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Hello, HTTPS!</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">text/plain</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    });
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Listening on https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    svr.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">listen</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;, </span><span style="color:#d08770;">8443</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">}
</span></pre>
</div><div data-code-theme="light"><pre style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#define </span><span style="color:#323232;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#include </span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;httplib.h&quot;
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#include </span><span style="color:#183691;">&lt;iostream&gt;
</span><span style="color:#323232;">
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">int </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#795da3;">main</span><span style="color:#323232;">() {
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    httplib::SSLServer svr(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;cert.pem&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">, </span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;key.pem&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    svr.Get(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">, [](</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">const auto &amp;</span><span style="color:#323232;">, </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">auto &amp;</span><span style="color:#323232;">res) {
</span><span style="color:#323232;">        res.set_content(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;Hello, HTTPS!&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">, </span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;text/plain&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    });
</span><span style="color:#323232;">
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    std::cout </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">&lt;&lt; </span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;Listening on https://localhost:8443&quot; </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#323232;"> std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    svr.listen(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">, </span><span style="color:#0086b3;">8443</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">}
</span></pre>
</div></div>
<p>Just pass the certificate and private key paths to the <code>httplib::SSLServer</code> constructor. The routing API is exactly the same as <code>httplib::Server</code> from Chapter 3.</p>
<p>Compile and start it up.</p>
<h2>Testing It Out</h2>
<p>With the server running, try accessing it with <code>curl</code>. Since we're using a self-signed certificate, add the <code>-k</code> option to skip certificate verification.</p>
<div class="code-block-wrapper"><div data-code-theme="dark"><pre style="background-color:#2b303b;">
<span style="color:#8fa1b3;">curl</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -k</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;"> https://localhost:8443/
</span><span style="color:#65737e;"># Hello, HTTPS!
</span></pre>
</div><div data-code-theme="light"><pre style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<span style="color:#323232;">curl -k https://localhost:8443/
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#969896;"># Hello, HTTPS!
</span></pre>
</div></div>
<p>If you open <code>https://localhost:8443</code> in a browser, you'll see a "This connection is not secure" warning. That's expected with a self-signed certificate. Just proceed past it.</p>
<h2>Connecting from a Client</h2>
<p>Let's connect using <code>httplib::Client</code> from the previous chapter. There are two ways to connect to a server with a self-signed certificate.</p>
<h3>Option 1: Disable Certificate Verification</h3>
<p>This is the quick and easy approach for development.</p>
<div class="code-block-wrapper"><div data-code-theme="dark"><pre style="background-color:#2b303b;">
<span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">() {
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">enable_server_certificate_verification</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(</span><span style="color:#d08770;">false</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;  </span><span style="color:#65737e;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    }
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">}
</span></pre>
</div><div data-code-theme="light"><pre style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#define </span><span style="color:#323232;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#include </span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;httplib.h&quot;
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#include </span><span style="color:#183691;">&lt;iostream&gt;
</span><span style="color:#323232;">
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">int </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#795da3;">main</span><span style="color:#323232;">() {
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    httplib::Client cli(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;https://localhost:8443&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    cli.enable_server_certificate_verification(</span><span style="color:#0086b3;">false</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">auto</span><span style="color:#323232;"> res </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#323232;"> cli.Get(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">if </span><span style="color:#323232;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#323232;">        std::cout </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#323232;"> res-&gt;body </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#323232;"> std::endl;  </span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#969896;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    }
</span><span style="color:#323232;">}
</span></pre>
</div></div>
<h3>Option 2: Specify the Self-Signed Certificate as a CA Certificate</h3>
<p>This is the safer approach. You tell the client to trust <code>cert.pem</code> as a CA certificate.</p>
<div class="code-block-wrapper"><div data-code-theme="dark"><pre style="background-color:#2b303b;">
<span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">() {
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">set_ca_cert_path</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">        std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body </span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">&lt;&lt; std::endl;  </span><span style="color:#65737e;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">    }
</span><span style="color:#c0c5ce;">}
</span></pre>
</div><div data-code-theme="light"><pre style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#define </span><span style="color:#323232;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#include </span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;httplib.h&quot;
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">#include </span><span style="color:#183691;">&lt;iostream&gt;
</span><span style="color:#323232;">
</span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">int </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#795da3;">main</span><span style="color:#323232;">() {
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    httplib::Client cli(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;https://localhost:8443&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    cli.set_ca_cert_path(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;cert.pem&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">auto</span><span style="color:#323232;"> res </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">=</span><span style="color:#323232;"> cli.Get(</span><span style="color:#183691;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#323232;">);
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">if </span><span style="color:#323232;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#323232;">        std::cout </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#323232;"> res-&gt;body </span><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#a71d5d;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#323232;"> std::endl;  </span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#969896;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#323232;">    }
</span><span style="color:#323232;">}
</span></pre>
</div></div>
<p>This way, only connections to the server with that specific certificate are allowed, preventing impersonation. Use this approach whenever possible, even in test environments.</p>
<h2>Comparing Server and SSLServer</h2>
<p>The <code>httplib::Server</code> API you learned in Chapter 3 works exactly the same with <code>httplib::SSLServer</code>. The only difference is the constructor.</p>
<table><thead><tr><th></th><th><code>httplib::Server</code></th><th><code>httplib::SSLServer</code></th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>Constructor</td><td>No arguments</td><td>Certificate and private key paths</td></tr>
<tr><td>Protocol</td><td>HTTP</td><td>HTTPS</td></tr>
<tr><td>Port (convention)</td><td>8080</td><td>8443</td></tr>
<tr><td>Routing</td><td>Same</td><td>Same</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>To switch an HTTP server to HTTPS, just change the constructor.</p>
<h2>Next Steps</h2>
<p>Your HTTPS server is up and running. You now have the basics of both HTTP/HTTPS clients and servers covered.</p>
<p>Next, let's look at the WebSocket support that was recently added to cpp-httplib.</p>
<p><strong>Next:</strong> <a href="../08-websocket">WebSocket</a></p>

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